Injury (also bodily injury or bodily harm Bodily harm is a legal term of art used in the definition of both statutory and common law offences in England and Wales and other common law jurisdictions. It is a synonym for injury or bodily injury and similar expressions, though it may be used with a precise and limited meaning in any given jurisdiction. The expression grievous bodily harm) is damage Damage in the case of breakage due to mechanical stress, or gradual, called wear and tear or harm caused to the structure Structure is a fundamental if sometimes intangible notion referring to the recognition, observation, nature, and stability of patterns and relationships of entities. From a child's verbal description of a snowflake, to the detailed scientific analysis of the properties of magnetic fields, the concept of structure is now often an essential or function Purpose is a result, end, mean, aim, or goal of an action intentionally undertaken, or of an object being brought into use or existence, whether or not the purpose was a primary or secondary effect. It is possible that an intentional act may have multiple purposes, only one of which is a primary intention while the remainder are secondary of the body With regard to living things, a body is the physical body of an individual. "Body" often is used in connection with appearance, health issues and death. The study of the workings of the body is physiology caused by an outside agent or force In physics, a force is any influence that causes a free body to undergo an acceleration. Force can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or pull that can cause an object with mass to change its velocity , i.e., to accelerate, or which can cause a flexible object to deform. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a, which may be physical or chemical In chemistry, a chemical substance is a material with a specific chemical composition, and is either unintentional (For e.g. accidents at work, sports injury) or intentional (For e.g. suicide, homicide). A severe and life-threatening injury is referred to as a physical trauma Physical trauma refers to a physical injury, generally of a considerable degree. A trauma patient is someone who has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury, with the potential for secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death.
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Types
Deaths from injuries per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.[1] no data < 25 25-50 50-75 75-100 100-125 125-150 150-175 175-200 200-225 225-250 250-275 > 275- Bruises A bruise, also called a contusion, is a type of relatively minor hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding interstitial tissues. Bruises can involve capillaries at the level of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone. A bruise may be named by the length of are hemorrhages Bleeding, technically known as hemorrhaging or haemorrhaging is the loss of blood or blood escape from the circulatory system. Bleeding can occur internally, where blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body or externally, either through a natural opening such as the vagina, mouth, nose, ear or anus, or through a break in the skin. The complete under the skin caused by contusion.
- Wounds In medicine, a wound is a type of injury in which skin is torn, cut or punctured , or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound). In pathology, it specifically refers to a sharp injury which damages the dermis of the skin are cuts and grazes are injuries to or through the skin, that cause bleeding Bleeding, technically known as hemorrhaging or haemorrhaging is the loss of blood or blood escape from the circulatory system. Bleeding can occur internally, where blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body or externally, either through a natural opening such as the vagina, mouth, nose, ear or anus, or through a break in the skin. The complete (i.e., a laceration).
- Burns A burn is a type of skin injury caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, light, radiation, or friction. Most burns only affect the skin . Rarely deeper tissues, such as muscle, bone, and blood vessels can also be injured. Managing burns is important because they are common, painful and can result in disfiguring and disabling scarring. Burn injuries are injuries caused by excess heat, chemical exposure, or sometimes cold (frostbite Frostbite is the medical condition where localized damage is caused to skin and other tissues due to extreme cold. Frostbite is most likely to happen in body parts farthest from the heart and those with large exposed areas. The initial stages of frostbite are sometimes called "frostnip").
- Fractures A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone. A bone fracture can be the result of high force impact or stress, or trivial injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then termed are injuries to bones Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue. Because bones come in a variety of shapes and have a complex internal and external structure.
- Joint dislocations Joint dislocation, or luxation , occurs when bones in a joint become displaced or misaligned. It is often caused by a sudden impact to the joint. The ligaments always become damaged as a result of a dislocation. A subluxation is a partial dislocation are displacements of a bone from its normal joint.
- Concussions Concussion, from the Latin concutere or the Latin concussus ("action of striking together"), is the most common type of traumatic brain injury. The terms mild brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), mild head injury (MHI), and minor head trauma and concussion may be used interchangeably, although the latter is often treated as are mildly traumatic brain injuries caused by a blow, without any penetration into the skull or brain.
- Sprains A sprain is an injury to ligaments that is caused by being stretched beyond their normal capacity and possibly torn. A muscular tear caused in the same manner is referred to as a strain. In cases where either ligament or muscle tissue is torn, immobilization and surgical repair may be necessary. Ligaments are tough, fibrous tissues that connect are muscle injuries which occur to ligaments, and are caused by a sudden over-stretching.
- Shock Circulatory shock, commonly known simply as shock, is a serious, life-threatening medical condition characterized by a decrease in tissue perfusion to a point at which it is inadequate to meet cellular metabolic needs. As the blood carries oxygen and nutrients around the body, reduced flow hinders the delivery of these components to the tissues, is a medical condition in which the tissues cannot obtain sufficient oxygen and nutrients.
- Amputations Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for such problems. A special case is the congenital amputation, a congenital are injuries which result in the removal of a bodily appendage by trauma Physical trauma refers to a physical injury, generally of a considerable degree. A trauma patient is someone who has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury, with the potential for secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death or surgery Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance, and sometimes for religious reasons. An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply.
- Serious bodily injurys Physical trauma refers to a physical injury, generally of a considerable degree. A trauma patient is someone who has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury, with the potential for secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death are injuries to the body that introduce a substantial risk of death to the victim.
Common causes
There is no large scale statistics on the incidence of minor injuries. However, for physical traumas Physical trauma refers to a physical injury, generally of a considerable degree. A trauma patient is someone who has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury, with the potential for secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death or injuries leading to hospital discharge, common causes are traffic accidents and falls.
Injury Prevention and Recovery
The best method of injury prevention is avoiding activities that are physically rigorous. If avoidance is not an option, stretch before and after physical activity. Stretching frequently helps maintain flexibility. Muscle soreness is an indication that your body is improving its strength — but pinching and tightness could be an indication of injury.
Legal issues
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Various legal remedies A legal remedy is the means with which a court of law, usually in the exercise of civil law jurisdiction, enforces a right, imposes a penalty, or makes some other court order to impose its will may be available for personal injury Personal injury is a legal term for an injury to the body, mind or emotions, as opposed to an injury to property. The term is most commonly used to refer to a type of tort lawsuit alleging that the plaintiff's injury has been caused by the negligence of another, but also arises in defamation torts (eg. under the law negligence Negligence is a legal concept in the common law legal systems mostly applied in tort cases to achieve monetary compensation (damages) for physical and mental injuries (not accidents)) or for injury to the reputation of another (eg. see damages In law, damages is an award of money to be paid to, a person as compensation for loss or injury Black's Law Dictionary and restitution The law of restitution is the law of gains-based recovery. It is to be contrasted with the law of compensation, which is the law of loss-based recovery. Obligations to make restitution and obligations to pay compensation are each a type of legal response to events in the real world. When a court orders restitution it orders the defendant to give) for slander or libel. In the United States, the legal definition of malicious injury is any injury committed with malice, hatred or one committed spitefully or wantonly. Such an action must be willfully committed with the knowledge that it is liable to cause injury. Injury involving element of fraud, violence, wantonness, willfulness, or criminality.
In the Criminal Code of Canada The Criminal Code of Canada is the codification of most of the criminal offences and procedure in Canada. Section 91(27) of the Canadian constitution (The Constitution Act, 1867 formerly called British North America Act, 1867) establishes criminal law as under the sole jurisdiction of the federal Parliament. The Criminal Code also contains some, bodily injury is referred to as "bodily harm Bodily harm is a legal term of art used in the definition of both statutory and common law offences in England and Wales and other common law jurisdictions. It is a synonym for injury or bodily injury and similar expressions, though it may be used with a precise and limited meaning in any given jurisdiction. The expression grievous bodily harm".[2]
Feigning injury
Injuries may be feigned Deception, beguilement, deceit, bluff, mystification, and subterfuge are acts to propagate beliefs that are not true, or not the whole truth . Deception can involve dissimulation, propaganda, sleight of hand. It can employ distraction, camouflage or concealment. There is also self-deception by a person or animal for various causes.
People
Faking or exaggerating an injury is a form of malingering Malingering is a medical term that refers to fabricating or exaggerating the symptoms of mental or physical disorders for a variety of "secondary gain" motives, which may include financial compensation ; avoiding school, work or military service; obtaining drugs; getting lighter criminal sentences; or simply to attract attention or and may allow a person to receive compensation, injury cover, or may result in a team being awarded a penalty in a game of football The game of football is any of several similar team sports, of similar origins which involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot in an attempt to score a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football, more commonly known as just "football" or "soccer". Unqualified, the word football.
Notes
If you have an injury, anyone can help you with some First Aid First aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed by a non-expert person to a sick or injured person until definitive medical treatment can be accessed. Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care past the first aid intervention. It generally consists of a series as they bring it in a First aid kit A first aid kit is a collection of supplies and equipment for use in giving first aid. First aid kits may be made up of different contents depending on who has assembled the kit and for what purpose. It may also vary by region due to varying advice or legislation between governments or organisations.
Animals
An opossum Opossums are the largest order of marsupials in the Western Hemisphere. They are also commonly called possums, though that term is also applied to Australian fauna of the suborder Phalangeriformes. The Virginia Opossum was the first animal to be named an opossum.[citation needed] The word opossum comes from Algonquian wapathemwa meaning " will feign injury or death to escape predatorsThe phrase "playing possum" is derived from the behaviour of the opossum Opossums are the largest order of marsupials in the Western Hemisphere. They are also commonly called possums, though that term is also applied to Australian fauna of the suborder Phalangeriformes. The Virginia Opossum was the first animal to be named an opossum.[citation needed] The word opossum comes from Algonquian wapathemwa meaning ", a mammal which will mimic the appearance and smell of a sick or dead animal when threatened. Birds such as the killdeer Adults have a brown back and wings, a white belly, and a white breast with two black bands. The rump is tawny orange. The face and cap are brown with a white forehead. They have an orange-red eyering. The chicks are patterned almost identically to the adults, and are precocial — able to move around right after hatching. The killdeer frequently are known to feign injury to lead a predator away from their nest. The predator gives chase, believing them to be easy prey, but the bird then flies away, hopefully having distracted the predator sufficiently to prevent it from finding its nest.
See also
- Assault Assault is a crime of violence against another person. In some jurisdictions, including Australia and New Zealand, as well as the USA, assault refers to an act that causes another to apprehend an immediate harmful contact. The word "apprehend" doesn't equate with fear. While fear encompasses apprehension, a victim can be apprehensive of
- Bodily harm Bodily harm is a legal term of art used in the definition of both statutory and common law offences in England and Wales and other common law jurisdictions. It is a synonym for injury or bodily injury and similar expressions, though it may be used with a precise and limited meaning in any given jurisdiction. The expression grievous bodily harm
- Battery At common law, battery is the tort of intentionally and voluntarily bringing about an unconsented harmful or offensive contact with a person or to something closely associated with them (e.g. a hat, a purse). Unlike assault, battery involves an actual contact. The contact can be by one person (the tortfeasor) of another (the victim), or the
- Negligence Negligence is a legal concept in the common law legal systems mostly applied in tort cases to achieve monetary compensation (damages) for physical and mental injuries (not accidents)
- Personal injury Personal injury is a legal term for an injury to the body, mind or emotions, as opposed to an injury to property. The term is most commonly used to refer to a type of tort lawsuit alleging that the plaintiff's injury has been caused by the negligence of another, but also arises in defamation torts
- Tort A Tort is the French word for a "wrong." A tort is a civil wrong. A civil wrong involves a breach of a duty owed to someone else, as opposed to criminal wrongdoing which involves a breach of a duty owed to society. Torts are civil wrongs other than breaches of contract and certain equitable wrongs
References
- ^ "Death and DALY estimates for 2004 by cause for WHO Member States" (xls). World Health Organization. 2004. http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/gbddeathdalycountryestimates2004.xls.
- ^ http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-46/page-1.html
Sat, 04 Sep 2010 03:07:15 GMT+00:00
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